Author: Brandon Miller

Outsourcing Post Market Surveillance and Support

Posted on by Brandon Miller

One of the most crucial parts of running a business in the pharmaceutical or medical device industry is meeting the standards that will ensure your customers receive the highest-quality service. That’s why many businesses today choose to outsource certain functions of their post market surveillance activities.

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Outsourcing is a business strategy that only began to surface in the 1980s and 1990s. Since then, it has become a powerful value proposition for industries everywhere. In the 2000s, businesses within the life sciences industry started implementing the practice. Now, the outsourcing of external resources for compliance needs is a common strategy for companies looking to expand their reach and climb the industry ladder.

 

Why Are Certain Functions Targeted for Outsourcing?

Companies may choose to outsource any number of activities to improve business operations, but there are a few specific types of functions that leaders tend to target for outsourcing. For example, companies often outsource lower risk activities that include higher volume but lower-complexity tasks.

 

The reason for this is that there are many expert consultants needed for complicated specialties that businesses are responsible for. However, when leadership removes the tedious or time-consuming tasks, such as data management, they may increase the team’s ability to focus on the larger picture or invest in business ventures.

 

Outsourcing low-risk tasks lifts a significant burden from the shoulders of leaders and employees while allowing them to focus on the creative, strategic and higher-risk parts of the business instead.

 

Why Outsource Post Market Surveillance Needs?

The reason so many businesses choose to outsource rather than use internal resources is the challenge of the recruiting process. Companies often find that understanding regulations, compliance, hearing the Voice of the Customer and managing regulators is an important core competency / knowledge that balances other internal functions and decision making. Thanks to ever-changing standards and laws in the medical device and pharmaceutical industries, very few companies have the in-house resources to keep these standards up-to-date.

 

Managing post market surveillance activities may be outside the realm of your team’s skill set and understanding, but outsourcing allows you to work with experts in the field. While compliance issues can hold your company back, having an experienced partner at your side ensures that all of your compliance needs will be in order.

 

Some of the long-term benefits of outsourcing post market surveillance activities include:

  • High-efficiency value proposition: With the help of an healthcare consulting firm, you can more quickly and effectively serve your customers. Over a long-term basis, this will help you both retain customers and attract new ones.
  • Lower functional costs: Reducing operational costs so you can increase profits and grow as a business is one of your main goals. Thanks to the benefit of a more efficient work environment, you will save capital for opportunities like mergers and acquisitions.
  • Refocus talent and skill: Free up your high cost internal resources to allow them to focus on critical work and decisions which you can then leverage for the benefit of your business by outsourcing low-risk tasks. Refocus your most valuable members and resources on their greatest strengths while leaving the rest to external experts.

 

Outsourcing your post market surveillance activities is an area that continues to grow worldwide. With the help of a third party, you can keep everyone in your business assigned to the tasks that allow them to best use their core competencies and create a more productive work environment.

 

To begin the Regulatory Compliance Associates scoping process today, please enter your information in the blue form below and click the submit button at the bottom of the webpage. You may also email us at [email protected].

GMP Inspection

Posted on by Brandon Miller

GMP inspectionHealth Canada, Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), and Medicines & Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA) recently launched an innovative, new pilot focused on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The Single Inspection Program is designed to help rationalize the number of inspections needed to increase efficiency during the regulatory process.

 

A primary objective is to maintain regulatory standards by eliminating redundancies and providing a more “global approach to GMP inspections of third-country manufacturers”. Additionally, the program design is intended to increase existing collaborative GMP arrangements to allow for:

 

  • More efficient inspection reliance processes
  • Reduced regulatory burden on healthcare industry
  • Enhanced regulatory oversight of global supply chains

 

Regulatory Authorities

 

In a proactive step toward harmonization, the three regulatory bodies will begin accepting a single inspection for a Canadian, Australian and British regulatory application (based on the drug establishment license, or DEL). The long-term strategy includes leveraging the inspection assets of each regulatory authority to collectively collaborate when additional data is available.

 

Additionally, by maximizing the global regulatory reach of multiple agencies, the pharmaceutical industry will benefit from fewer inspections needed at the same site or manufacturing facility. This should increase both the speed of the regulatory process and patient access to medical products. Both are a win-win for the life science industry as the regulatory process becomes more streamlined than previously experienced.

 

GMP Practices

 

All three regulatory bodies are members of the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). PIC/S is an international, non-binding cooperative between Regulatory Authorities in the field of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Additionally, PIC/S membership is focused on companies that develop medicinal products for human or veterinary use, and over 50 countries from around the world currently participate. 

 

Finally, the mission of the current membership is to lead the “development, implementation, and maintenance of harmonized GMP standards and quality systems”. A more efficient inspection process will allow drug manufacturers to reduce any type of disruption to operations that multiple audits may induce. 

 

To begin the Regulatory Compliance Associates scoping process today, please enter your information in the blue form below and click the submit button at the bottom of the webpage. You may also email us at [email protected].

Best Practices for FDA Inspections

Posted on by Brandon Miller

Since the Pandemic became global in 2020, the FDA has been requesting documents from firms in advance of or in lieu of an inspection. This authority comes from the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) in Section 704(a)(4). However, while they have not adopted doing FDA inspections remotely instead of an onsite inspection, they have stated publicly they are considering the possibility, and virtual audits have become very common. 

 

FDA is still conducting onsite inspections and has submitted for new employee headcount in 2022 to reduce the existing backlog. Each inspection is carefully considered on a case-by-case basis where there is an imminent public health need. Factors such as risk to the FDA investigator and site personnel are also considered when determining if a virtual audit is appropriate.

 

Onsite inspections could be the standard inspection with the investigators staying in the facility the entire time or it could be a hybrid approach where the investigators spend some time in the facility and other time doing remote FDA reviews and conducting video interviews.

 

2022 will bring a new wave of inspections to the medical device and pharmaceutical industry. So how can you prepare in advance? And what does good look like from a virtual inspection process? Below are some thoughts for your team to consider.

 

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How Does an FDA Inspection Work?

 

FDA registrations simply don’t end and some health authorities outside the US have already done remote FDA inspections (e.g. the EMA). However, while the FDA has not done a true remote inspection, they have done many hybrid inspections.

 

What does an FDA inspection mean?

 

With the FDA format, regulatory authority tools include video chat for activities inside the interview room. They also use technology like secure shared online folders for offsite document review. Companies prepared to manage FDA inspections under this new method stand the best chance of success after an inspection to have fewer FDA 483 observations in general.

 

The FDA could start with a records request and then come onsite, or vice versa. Remember, if it is a true inspection the FDA must provide the most senior ranking person at the site a Notice of Inspection, Form FDA 482, at the very start of the inspection. If the Form 482 isn’t issued, then it is likely a records request utilizing their Section 704(a)(4) authorities.

 

FDA inspection

 

FDA record requests should follow the process and guidance outlined in their internal Staff Manual Guide, SMG 9004.1 Policy and Procedures for Requesting Records In Advance of or In Lieu of a Drug Inspection. Think of the SMG as an internal procedure for the FDA. If you are curious you can find it at this link: Staff Manual Guide 9004.1 (fda.gov)

 

 

Bottom line, if the FDA’s request comes through a call or email then it is not an inspection. It is a records request and should follow the procedures in SMG 9004.1. If they show up onsite, present a Form 482, then it is an inspection. Then the inspection could stay all onsite or it could be a hybrid approach, as noted above.  

 

Planning for an FDA Inspection

 

With the current pandemic, FDA has been providing a little advanced notice of the inspection, usually a few days to a week. The notice is directed less at giving companies time to prepare and instead intended to ensure the required personnel, who may be working offsite, are available. But prior planning precludes poor performance, so prepare well beforehand to manage a hybrid virtual inspection.

 

Some recommendations for inspection prep and readiness are as follows:

 

  • Determine who in the company will host the FDA inspection. Whether it’s onsite or virtual or hybrid you’ll want to designate a host. This distinction lets you train someone for the role, which helps streamline the process and eliminates last-minute challenges
  • Who will be the scribe and how will they take notes and communicate with the site team?
  • Determine who will step in as the back-up host and scribe in case the primaries are out sick.
  • Think through how the FDA inspection will flow, from the time it starts, through the facility tour, document requests and employee interviews.
  • If a virtual walk-through is conducted do you have sufficient Wi-Fi capabilities across the entire facility to avoid glitches in the audit and video.
  • How will you do the video? Use a phone camera or a real video camera.
  • Make sure you have the equipment ready to go and have tested it throughout the site.
  • How do you plan to maintain appropriate social distancing? Some companies have set up conference rooms complete with plexiglass barriers, tape markers on the floor and separated seating. In other cases, some activities are conducted outdoors, weather permitting.

 

Some additional helpful tips based on our experience with other clients are:

 

  • Collecting documents: This one can take a little time and it’s suggested that you start with the basics that you know the investigator will request, for example, a general site presentation, a batch record, deviation list, complaint list, facility layout, CAPA list, compliance documents, change controls and other master files.
  • Scanning and saving: Scan these documents ahead of time and upload them to an online company drive that is easily accessed by the inspection team.
  • Getting the right equipment: Whether you plan to use a smartphone or Wi-Fi camera, make sure the user knows how to operate it correctly and it works in every nook and cranny of your facility.
  • Running simulated inspections: A walkthrough lets you test video and audio quality. You can also identify and address poor Wi-Fi connectivity.

 

Virtual and hybrid inspections are a new format, and there can be challenges on both sides. Make sure your plan has some flexibility. Also, keep an eye on the FDA’s website for any announcements on virtual inspections. If the FDA does decide to start conducting virtual inspections it is likely that they will also roll out internal processes and procedures to ensure a harmonized approach. These items could be a Staff Manual Guide or a new chapter in their Investigations Operations Manual (Investigations Operations Manual | FDA).

 

To begin the Regulatory Compliance Associates scoping process today, please enter your information in the blue form below and click the submit button at the bottom of the webpage. You may also email us at [email protected].

 

 

Process Analytical Technology

Posted on by Brandon Miller

Leveraging Process Analytical Technology for CMC

 

Introduction

 

In the evolving field of pharmaceutical development, the implementation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for manufacturing is an essential competitive advantage. PAT offers widely accepted methods to safeguard quality assurance and the general safety of pharmaceutical products. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of PAT, best practices of principles and adoption of PAT, and how to leverage increased process knowledge in your regulatory submission.

 

Understanding Process Analytical Technology (PAT)

 

Efficient pharmaceutical manufacturing is a significant facet of the global healthcare system. The well-being of patients is contingent on the accessibility of safe and effective treatments. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) framework for process analytical technology was originally established based on insights to facilitate quality improvement. It includes risk-based regulatory outcomes that have been validated by both life science manufacturers and FDA regulators.

 

The Agency framework is based on two primary drivers:

 

  • Scientific principles and tools that support the development of innovation
  • Regulatory strategies that accommodate innovation during the submission process

 

Principles of Process Analytical Technology

 

CMC (Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls) is one of the most influential facets of drug product development. Traditional drug development in pharmaceutical manufacturing is completed using batch processing and production sample lab testing to evaluate quality. This approach has been effective in delivering quality pharmaceuticals to patients in need.

 

However, modern technologies now offer life science employees the opportunity for improving pharmaceutical development. Specifically, PAT principles and technologies focus on increasing quality assurance during the product development process. This often involves the use of unique quality controls from different types of technologies.

 

Process Analytical Technology and CMC

 

The implementation of process analytical technology encourages drug manufacturers to create a team-based regulatory approach to chemistry, manufacturing and controls. Further, the review of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) is also essential to the success of process analytical technology.

 

Finally, in-depth CMC training is important to achieve certification in process analytical technology. This is important considering the regulatory inspection review by Agency auditors for each new drug in development. The ability to demonstrate regulatory compliance is a foundational training strategy that supports the use of process analytical technology in manufacturing.

 

Implementing Process Analytical Technology

 

In the past, many manufacturing procedures have been considered static due to regulatory constraints. Proposed process changes are often considered for feedback by FDA early in the regulatory submission process. However, this can also lead to ambiguity of what types of technology will be authorized or declined by the Agency going forward. Life science manufacturers often stick with what is approved to stay in compliance and not raise red flags with FDA.

 

Recognizing the need to reduce this ambiguity for embracing innovation, FDA launched an initiative called Pharmaceutical CGMPs for the 21st Century: A Risk-Based Approach. The goal of this program is to ensure process analytical technology principles are known by life science companies and include:

 

  • Modern concepts of risk management
  • Quality system approaches are incorporated into pharmaceutical manufacturing while maintaining product quality
  • Life science manufacturers are encouraged to use modern innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing technology
  • FDA’s submission review and inspection programs operate in a coordinated manner
  • Regulations and manufacturing standards are applied consistently by FDA and the manufacturer

 

Benefits of Implementing Process Analytical Technology

 

FDA considers process analytical technology to be:

 

“a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements of critical quality and performance attributes of raw and in-process materials and processes, with the goal of ensuring final product quality.”

 

The primary benefit of implementing process analytical technology is to enhance understanding and control of the manufacturing process. Consequently, the tools and principles of process analytical technology should increase the level of manufacturing process understanding in general.

 

Manufacturing Process

 

Further, meeting the regulatory requirement of validating the manufacturing process can only benefit from this understanding of what quality looks like. Five core ingredients of process analytical technology strategy that should help users boost their understanding include:

 

  • Enhanced process understanding and knowledge
  • Improved process control and efficiency
  • Reduction in production costs and waste
  • Faster and more efficient product development
  • Enhanced regulatory compliance

 

Adoption of Process Analytical Technology

 

Equally important, for the manufacturing team’s adoption of new technologies to be successful, employees must recognize the importance of quality assurance and patient safety. Moreover, proposing innovative approaches to pharmaceutical development should not lead to a regulatory stalemate between FDA and the life science manufacturer.

 

FDA encourages manufacturers to use the process analytical technology framework in clinical documentation, so a stalemate doesn’t occur during the regulatory process. This can include clinical evidence that helps demonstrate:

 

  • Process understanding and control strategy
  • Real-time process monitoring
  • Multivariate data analysis (MVDA)
  • Process control and optimization
  • Continuous manufacturing and quality by design (QbD)

 

Process Analytical Technology Manufacturing Examples

 

FDA has provided process analytical technology examples of the tools available that facilitate manufacturing process understanding. These converge at the intersection of scientific, risk-managed pharmaceutical development, manufacturing, and quality assurance.  

 

When used within an effective manufacturing system, process analytical technology can provide effective and efficient means for facilitating process understanding. Further, continuous improvement, and development of risk-mitigation strategies. In the PAT framework, PAT manufacturing examples can be categorized according to the following:  

 

  • Multivariate tools for design, data acquisition, and analysis
  • Process analyzers
  • Process control tools
  • Continuous improvement and knowledge management tools

 

Process Analytical Technology and Quality Assurance

 

Process analytical technology and quality assurance go hand in hand when it comes to manufacturing innovation. The above performance metrics for measuring quality focus on designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements of raw and in-process materials and processes.

 

For the same reason, process analytical technology commonly includes tools that can improve chemical, physical, microbiological, mathematical, and risk analysis. Simultaneously, these quality assurance tools that aid process understanding can also support meeting existing regulatory submission requirements to validate the manufacturing process.

 

Process Analytical Technology and Regulatory Approval

 

Achieving regulatory submission approval for a new product is rarely an easy process. The clinical evidence needed to support efficacy must include documentation of quality assurance delivered by the manufacturer.

 

Innovation in development, manufacturing and quality assurance that leverages process analytical technology should help answer these common regulatory questions from FDA experts:

 

  • What are the mechanisms of degradation, drug release, and absorption?
  • What are the effects of product components on quality?
  • What sources of variability are critical?
  • How does the process manage variability?

 

Regulatory Submission

 

Regulatory considerations that can help document quality assurance improvements from process analytical technology often are found in:

 

  • Reducing production cycle times by using on-, in-, and/or at-line measurements and controls
  • Preventing rejects, scrap, and re-processing
  • Real time release
  • Increasing automation to improve operator safety and reduce human errors
  • Improving energy and material use and increasing capacity
  • Facilitating continuous processing to improve efficiency and manage variability

 

Regulatory Documentation

 

Quality assurance improvements are centered around the manufacturing process and system processes involved. FDA considers a process to be well understood if regulatory documentation shows:

 

  • Why sources of variability can be identified and explained
  • When production variability can be managed by owners of the process
  • How quality attributes can be accurately and reliably predicted

This type of regulatory documentation provides insights for FDA regulators into materials used, an understanding of process parameters, changes in manufacturing, and environmental conditions.

 

The ability to predict these three items can show a high degree of process understanding. The goal is for your regulatory application to demonstrate your team and company understand how to reproduce process capability data and maintain a consistent state of control.

 

Conclusion

 

Process analytical technology is used to improve the scientific basis for regulatory specifications and promoting continuous improvement. The ability to enhance manufacturing while retaining or improving product quality is essential to helping patients and population health in general. Life science manufacturers should document technology improvements to FDA and demonstrate the ability to quickly resolve production-related technical issues.  

 

To begin the Regulatory Compliance Associates scoping process today, please enter your information in the blue form below and click the submit button at the bottom of the webpage. You may also email us at [email protected].

Virtual Audits and How to Plan

Posted on by Brandon Miller

The world has changed in many ways since the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Regulators are taking advantage of technology to institute greater social distancing, limiting contact between people to curb the spread of the coronavirus. For you, this could mean a transition to virtual audits.

 

The auditing process, which helps you identify and fix compliance deficiencies, must continue to maintain the vital supply chain of needed drugs and other items. 

 

Approach a Virtual Audit

 

virtual audits

 

For some clients and suppliers, virtual audits may be a long-term solution. It may not be clear for some time how long COVID-19 precautions will need to stay in place. For parties that have well-established relationships and supply chains, virtual audits may make more sense over the long term.

 

The opportunity to reduce one-on-one interactions lessens the risk of spreading the coronavirus. If the two sides already have a level of comfort together, their ability to work through challenging times will be better than if you are embarking on a new relationship, where things might not go as smoothly.

 

Need help preparing for a virtual audit?  Talk to our Experts →

 

Some In-Person Visits Will Still Be Required

 

Not everything can be accomplished virtually. You’ll still face some instances where an in-person visit is necessary, such as for pre-approvals and new products. Plan accordingly. Taking every possible precaution, such as requiring masks and gloves and keeping the auditor 6 feet away from employees, can protect both parties during such mandatory in-person interactions.

 

If you do not think an in-person visit is necessary or you’re dealing with extenuating circumstances, such as an outbreak of the virus, communicate your concerns. The well-being of your employees and the auditor should be the focus of any post-pandemic auditing strategy, and you can protect your employees by voicing any concerns you have.

 

Make Adjustments for the Long Term

 

Treatments are still being developed for the coronavirus, and it will take some time before the spread of the virus is under control. Until then, virtual audits will become a long-term solution to protect everyone involved and reduce the spread of infection.

 

You can learn from your initial experiences and make changes to help during the next virtual audit. Try these strategies for assistance with long-term planning:

 

  • Take notes during the virtual audit, observing anything that surprises you.
  • Keep track of any personal protective equipment needed if a brief in-person audit is used.
  • Speak with employees after the virtual audit to get their input on what went well and what could be improved.

 

Looking over your notes and results from past audits can also help you anticipate any potential issues or concerns before your first virtual audit. Remember that this is new territory for everyone and that you’ll likely encounter some bumps in the road as the processes get smoothed out. If you have any questions about virtual audits and how to prepare for them, get in touch with Regulatory Compliance Associates® today.

 

To begin the Regulatory Compliance Associates scoping process today, please enter your information in the blue form below and click the submit button at the bottom of the webpage. You may also email us at [email protected].

Cell and Gene Therapy Development

Posted on by Brandon Miller

 

Cell and Gene Therapies also known as (ETMPs) have continued to evolve in recent years. Over the last 15 years the industry and regulatory bodies have continued to learn more about them and in recent year there have been more and more guidance documents released outlining what the regulating bodies want the manufacturers and developers of these different biologic products to look for and adhere to during development.

 

Cell and Gene Therapies are Personalized medicine meaning, one patient, one drug. These types of drugs are not produced in large scale or in batches like the standard biologics or drugs we have been used to manufacturing up to this point. They are made in very small batches that are produced in laboratory setting but require the same environmental controls as your typical aseptic processing but a much smaller scale.

 

Listen to the full episode “Pharmaceutical Industry Outlook” now!

 

Issues with Approval

The issues companies face when manufacturing cell and gene is that they are introducing variability right away in the process in terms of the active ingredient. In this type of manufacturing, the active ingredient is the specific patient’s genome. With the variable ingredient, manufacturers do not know what they are working with upfront which makes the process difficult. It is a non-tradition way of thinking that makes validating a process that has that kind of variability hard on cell and gene companies without experience in this area.

 

The Non-traditional Approach

This approach to drug approval is based on an individualized patient’s genetic makeup and requires the developers to make a constant process of taking the patient’s genetic material and producing the cell and gene therapy dose at the end. Developers have to be able to categorize the variable, walk it through the process, and then categorize it again at the end making sure it is safe and effective for the patient even though it is based on their cell and gene genetic material.

 

To begin the Regulatory Compliance Associates scoping process today, please enter your information in the blue form below and click the submit button at the bottom of the webpage.