Q. I work for a small company with a few products in the development phase. I am reviewing several CDMO (contract development and manufacturing organizations) partners to determine which one best fits our needs. Can you give me some general guidance on what I should look for when choosing an appropriate partner?
A. Contract manufacturing continues to be one of the fastest growing segments of the pharmaceutical industry. There are many small companies with products in development who do not own manufacturing facilities and must utilize CDMO partners to handle their development and manufacturing needs from clinical to commercial product. It is important for both parties to be invested and respectful in the relationship because it is a long-term commitment.
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Contract Manufacturing Organization
The first step in this relationship is to establish a quality agreement (1–3). If we view the relationship between the two parties as an equation it would be:
A + B + C + D = E
A represents needs of the CDMO, B represents the client needs, C represents the compliance requirements, D represents the regulatory commitments for both parties, and E represents the quality agreement/quality relationship between the two organizations.
CDMO Services
As we break the equation down a bit more, there there is more CDMO meaning behind each of the variables.
“Variable A” should take into account the needs of the CDMO. This includes auditing, testing, material sourcing, and any special client needs required to successfully manufacture the product. When defining the contract development organization responsibilities, the CDMO should consider determining the amount of involvement of the client(s) for all audit types.
CDMO Manufacturing
“Variable B” represents the client needs and should take into consideration unique account requirements. For example, there will be differences between a Biopharma CDMO, a Biologics CDMO and CDMO Pharma companies. This often includes data driven development, USFDA registration commitments and specific sourcing strategies. The client should also inform the CDMO of any additional quality agreements that are associated with pharmaceutical manufacturing.
At one point in my career, I worked for a small start-up company which had three quality agreements associated with one product in clinical trials. The three agreements were for three different contract organizations. One CDMO organization was manufacturing the material, another was performing the release testing, and the final one was performing the product labeling. These complicated relationships should be disclosed to all involved parties so communication between organizations can be optimized, particularly when issues arise.
Compliance
“Variable C” represents compliance requirements of the CDMO. This is often influenced by multiple customers, regulatory agencies, and regulatory bodies. Company standard operation procedures (SOPs) (4–6), client SOPs, audit observations, and compendial requirements define this element of our equation. Clients should be aware that CDMOs are usually global in nature and may have obligations to meet compendial requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF), the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.), and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) (7).
In my opinion, this would be the optimal section to include the communication expectations for regulatory audits conducted either at the CDMO or the client’s business locations. The need for the CDMO to communicate with the client when a regulatory audit is being performed at their facility is evident, but it is equally important that the client communicates with the CDMO when the positions are reversed. This two-way communication is crucial because each organization could be vulnerable based on the audit outcome regardless of where the audit was conducted.
Regulatory
The final variable in this equation is “Variable D”. Variable D considers the regulatory commitments of the client and/or the CDMO. Regulatory commitments are the evolving body of knowledge made up of new or impending regulations or guidelines that may require changes in operations in order to meet the expectations of the new requirements. A CDMO must communicate changes and commitments affecting their quality system to their client and vice versa because these changes may affect regulatory filings.
Quality
Finally, the solution to the equation is “Variable E”, which represents the robust quality agreement. The quality agreement should be a living, breathing document that is reviewed and revised as often as needed to clarify both party’s responsibilities and avoid conflict of responsibilities to ensure a successful partnership.
Contract Manufacturing
The relationship between the client and the CDMO is important and complex. Both parties need to be knowledgeable on the application and interpretations of the regulations. Each should work through any opposing opinions to reach an interpretation that works for both parties. A cooperative working relationship can be achieved if each party clearly identifies and communicates their needs through an effective quality agreement.
Article details
Pharmaceutical Technology
Vol. 46, No. 6
Page: 50
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