Clinical Trials FDA Guidance

Clinical Trials FDA Guidance

The FDA recently updated guidance for clinical trials & trial design. This update stems from an objective of the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act). It includes recommendations for how industry sponsors of pharmaceuticals or biologics should design and conduct clinical trials. The guidance provides a greater explanation of how biologic and oncology trial design can simultaneously evaluate more than one investigational drug.

 

FDA Guidance

 

The guidance goes into depth about the clinical research milestones of master protocol design. Data integrity considerations are also mentioned for biomarker co-development and trial statistical analysis. Traditionally, oncology clinical trials are designed to assess multiple investigational drugs at the same time. Clinical data in this type of design is analyzed across multiple cancer types during the same trial to find all sources of patient efficacy and commercial value.

 

Another primary driver is the CDMO race due to testing multiple drugs and sub-populations under the same protocol. Pharmaceutical consultants like RCA Inc. have witnessed a shortening of client commercialization timelines across the life sciences industry. This directly adds incremental pressure on project sponsors. Clinical teams are being tasked to discover late-stage drug success faster than ever before. Every trial must simultaneously ensure patient safety while producing data that satisfies the regulatory safety and effectiveness.

 


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Investigational Drugs (IND FDA)

 

The FDA concisely describes this unique protocol design and clinical trial planning for IND filings and multiple sub-studies. Sub-studies may have separate goals and require aligned efforts across the data science team. For example, collaboration is needed in order to appropriately value multiple investigational drugs. Consideration should be given that therapeutic value may be in one or more disease sub-types in the clinical trial.

 

With these considerations in mind, the FDA goes on to describe the benefits of a master protocol across the study design. This provides the project sponsor design flexibility via electronic data capture (EDC) in an EDC system (e.g. shared control arm, adaptive designs, centralized data capture).

 

Clinical Trial Design

 

This new FDA guidance also provides insights on potential challenges the industry should consider when using master protocols. These unintended consequences can include greater difficulty when assigning detailed adverse events to an investigational drug if numerous products are being investigated across the clinical study.

 

Any lack of adverse event reporting clarity can impact the safety profile of an investigational drug. This directly makes the clinical analysis for FDA approval more complicated for the regulatory body. Multiple study groups can also increase the overinterpretation of study findings. For example, signs of positive product efficacy for cardiac biomarkers could be different than from cancer biomarkers. Biomarker discovery for one subpopulation could also be identified as false if based a different ad hoc patient group.

 

Basket Trials

 

Basket trial design includes assessing an investigational drug blend by including a dose-finding or safety lead-in component. The goal is to identify safe quantities of the combination early in the clinical trial before progressing with an efficacy activity-estimating factor. The FDA proposes therapeutic efficacy for sub-studies within basket trials are constructed as single-arm, activity-estimating trial. The primary endpoint would be recorded as total response rate.

 

The guidance goes on to elaborate on sub-study objectives, including study rationale for each population. A comprehensive statistical analysis plan (SAP) with reasoning for sample size and unique stopping rules based on ineffectuality should also be included in the program documentation.

 

Umbrella Trials

 

A master protocol designed to evaluate multiple drugs is commonly referred to as an umbrella trial. These umbrella trials are often administered as a single drug or as a combination product. Umbrella trials are often a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the mechanism of action of the investigational drug/drugs with a common control arm. Study design for an umbrella trial can include sub-studies based on a patient biomarker or to a separate therapeutic sub-study inside the trial.

 

Clinical Study Design

 

As the clinical study focus, the FDA provides a clear understanding of how project sponsors improve the efficiency of master protocols. For example, using a common control arm during an Umbrella Trial has proven to help evaluate multiple drugs simultaneously for a single disease state.

 

Control Arm

 

For clinical trials, the FDA now recommends a project sponsor use a common control arm when numerous drugs are evaluated simultaneously in a single illness (e.g. umbrella trials). The FDA guidance elaborates in the use of a control arm be the current standard of care (SOC) so trial results are understandable from the perspective of the biologic and oncology medical community.

 

Changes in SOC can also take place during the trial because of an FDA approval or the latest scientific data. The Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) would need to be revised before any data analysis occurs if this is the case.

 

Novel Drugs

 

When a project sponsor uses sub-studies to assess two or more investigational drugs, the FDA advocates for providing a thorough scientific motivation for the combination. This includes the clinical trial sponsor defining the Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D). Analysis should include each novel drug and ensuring the appropriate dosage has been identified for each individual drug.

 

Targeting Biomarkers

 

The FDA goes on to elaborate on digital biomarkers to help validate the patient selection and recruiting for clinical trials. Biomarkers should be clearly identified based on the intended therapeutic response.

 

For example, an oncology biomarker for tumor size can help predict the response to the investigational drug. This type of study biomarker might demonstrate how the mechanism of action succeeded or failed. There needs to be a consensus among the clinical study team on how biomarkers are justified. Understanding study measures for showing marker positivity before patients enter the trial is critical.

 

Data Monitoring

 

One final important note about the master protocol in the updated FDA guidance describes the independent radiologic review committee. This committee medical research should include blinded tumor-based assessments to provide a charter for the independent data monitoring committee (IDMC).

 

The IDMC charter would guide the committee through ad hoc trials, such as patient efficacy and drug futility. The IDMC can also recommend clinical trial protocol actions. This often includes changes in sample size or modification of a sub-study based on overwhelming futility or efficacy evidence.

 

About RCA’s Pharmaceutical Consulting Services 

 

Regulatory Compliance Associates (RCA) has helped thousands of pharmaceutical companies meet regulatory, compliance, quality assurance, and remediation challenges. With more than 20 years of experience with FDA, Health Canada, EU and global regulatory agencies worldwide, Regulatory Compliance Associates® offers leading pharmaceutical consultants. We’re one of the few pharma consulting companies that can help you navigate the challenges associated with industry regulations.

 

Our pharmaceutical consulting firm includes over 500 seasoned FDA, Health Canada & EU compliance consultants and regulatory affairs experts who understand industry complexities. It’s a pharma consultancy founded by regulatory compliance executives from the pharmaceutical industry. Every pharmaceutical industry consultant on the Regulatory Compliance Associates team knows the unique inner workings of the regulatory process. 

 

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As your partner, we can negotiate the potential assessment minefield of regulatory compliance services with insight, hindsight, and the clear advantage of our breadth and depth of knowledge and regulatory compliance consulting. We offer the following pharma consulting regulatory affairs services for pharmaceutical companies.

 

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The regulations process surrounding pharmaceutical companies can be tricky for even the most experienced industry veteran to understand. Just one misstep could mean significant and lasting consequences for your business. At Regulatory Compliance Associates, we offer the pharma consulting experience and pharma consultants necessary to guide you through the quality compliance process.

 

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Regulatory Compliance Associates pharma regulatory consultants will develop a comprehensive proof book of documented evidence demonstrating the corrective action taken to remediate non-compliant issues. In addition, each Regulatory Compliance Associates pharma consulting Expert understands compliance enforcement. We’ll prepare a comprehensive pharma consulting strategy to assist in your remediation efforts, drive continuous improvement, and maintain regulatory compliance with the regulations.

 

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About Regulatory Compliance Associates

 

Clinical TrialsRegulatory Compliance Associates® (RCA) provides pharmaceutical consulting to the following industries for resolution of life science challenges:

 

 

We understand the complexities of running a life science business and possess areas of expertise that include every facet of R&D, operations, regulatory affairs, quality, and manufacturing. We are used to working on the front lines and thriving in the scrutiny of FDA, Health Canada, MHRA and globally-regulated companies.

 

As your partners, Regulatory Compliance Associates can negotiate the potential minefield of regulatory compliance and regulatory due diligence with insight, hindsight, and the clear advantage of our unique expertise and experience.

 

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About Sotera Health

 

The name Sotera Health was inspired by Soteria, the Greek goddess of safety, and reflects the Company’s unwavering commitment to its mission, Safeguarding Global Health®.

 

Sotera Health Company, along with its three best-in-class businesses – Sterigenics®Nordion® and Nelson Labs®, is a leading global provider of mission-critical end-to-end sterilization solutions and lab testing and advisory services for the healthcare industry. With a combined tenure across our businesses of nearly 200 years and our industry-recognized scientific and technological expertise, we help to ensure the safety of over 190 million patients and healthcare practitioners around the world every year.

 

We are a trusted partner to 5,800+ customers in over 50 countries, including 40 of the top 50 medical device companies and 9 of the top 10 pharmaceutical companies.

 

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